The EACVI Textbook of Echocardiography

This print edition of The EACVI Textbook of Echocardiography comes with a DVD and access to the online version on Oxford Medicine Online, for as long as the edition is published by Oxford University Press. By activating your unique access code, you can read and annotate the full text online, follow links from the references to primary research materials, and view, enlarge, and download all the figures and tables.

This fully updated second edition of the official textbook of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging serves the educational requirements of cardiologists and all clinical medical professionals in echocardiography. It is fully-aligned with EACVI goals and reflects the core European syllabus.

Published in partnership with the European Society of Cardiology and written by a team of expert authors, this textbook is a valuable resource on echocardiography and for accreditation through the EACVI.

With its thorough and instructive text complemented by more than 500 full colour images and 200 videos online and as a separate DVD, The EACVI Textbook of Echocardiography is a one-stop, authoritative resource on echocardiography.

Contents

Basic Instrumentation and Modalities
1: General principles of echocardiography, Madalina Garbi, Jan d'Hooge and Evgeny Sholnik
2: Transthoracic echocardiography/M-Mode and 2D echocardiography, Miguel Ángel García Fernández and José Juan Gómez de Diego
3: Doppler echocardiography, Jaroslaw Kasprzak, Ruxandra Jurcut, & Anita Sadeghpour
4: Deformation echocardiography, Matteo Cameli, Partho Sengupta, & Thor Edvardsen
5: Storage and report, Steven Droogmans, Bernard Cosyns & Alessandro Salustri
6: Transoesophageal echocardiography, Frank A.Flachskampf, Mauro Pepi, & Silvia Gianstefani
7: 3D Echocardiography, Luigi P. Badano, Roberto Lang & Alexandra Gonçalves
8: Contrast echocardiography, Asrar Ahmed, Leda Galiuto, Mark Monaghan, & Roxy Senior
9: Hand-held echocardiography, Denis Pellerin, Nuno Cardim, & Christian Prinz
10: Intracardiac and intravascular echocardiography, Gilbert Habib, Carlo di Mario, & Guy Van Camp
11: Stress echocardiography: introduction and pathophysiology, Rosa Sicari & Raluca Dulgheru
12: Stress echocardiography: methodology, Maria João Andrade & Albert Varga
13: Stress echocardiography: imaging acquisition and modalities, Rosa Sicari, Edyta Ptonska, & Jorge Lowenstein
14: Stress echocardiography: diagnostic criteria and interpretation, Paolo Colonna, Monica Alcantara, & Katsu Tanaka
15: Stress echocardiography: diagnostic and prognostic / Specific clinical subset, Luc A. Pierard & Lauro Cortigiani
16: Lung echocardiography, Luna Gargani & Marcelo-Haertel Miglioranza
17: Digital echocardiography laboratory, Reidar Bjørnerheim, Geneviève Derumeaux, & Andrzej Gackowski
Cardiac Morphology, Haemodynamics and Physiology
18: Left ventricle: morphology and geometry, Peng-Fei Zhang, Yun Zhang, & Siew Yen Ho
19: Left ventricle: cardiac mechanics and LV performance, Erwan Donal, Seisyou Kou, & Partho Sengupta
20: Left ventricular systolic function, Bernard Cosyns, Krasimira Hristova, Hyung-Kwan Kim, & Otto Smiseth
21: LV diastolic function, Maurizio Galderisi & Jae Oh
22: Left atrium, Monica Rosca, Sergio Mondillo, & Kim O´Konnor
23: Right ventricle and pulmonary arterial pressure, Annemien E. van den Bosch, Luigi P. Badano & Julia Grapsa
24: Right atrium, Thierry Le Tourneau & Luis Caballero
Disease echocardiographic assessment
25: Heart failure: LV systolic dysfunction, Erwan Donal & Elena Galli
26: Heart failure: LV dyssynchrony, Jens-Uwe Voigt, Peter Søgaard, & Emer Joyce
27: Heart failure: risk stratification, Marie Moonen & Nico Van de Veire
28: Heart failure: preserved LV ejection fraction, Johan De Sutter, Piotr Lipiec, & Christine Henri
29: Ischaemic heart disease: acute coronary syndromes, George D. Athanassopoulos, Krassimira Hristrova, & Alessandro Salustri
30: Ischemic heart disease: stable coronary artery disease - Coronary artery anomalies, Eugenio Picano, Fausto Pinto, & Blazej Michalski
31: Heart valve disease: aortic valve disease, Cristina Basso, Gaetano Thiene, & Siew Yen Ho
32: Heart Valve disease: aortic stenosis, Helmut Baumgartner, Stefan Orwat, Leyla Elif Sade, & Javier Bermejo
33: Heart valve disease: aortic regurgitation, Christophe Tribouilloy, Patrizio Lancellotti, Ferande Peters, José Juan Gómez de Diego, & Luc A. Pierard
34: Mitral valve disease: mitral valve anatomy and morphology, Giovanni La Canna
35: Mitral valve disease: mitral stenosis, Bogdan A. Popescu, Shantanu P. Sengupta, Niloufar Samiei, and Anca D. Mateescu
36: Mitral valve disease: mitral regurgitation, Patrizio Lancellotti, Raluca Dulgher, Mani Vannanu, & Kiyoshi Yoshida
37: Tricuspid valve disease, Denisa Muraru, Ashraf M. Anwar, & Jae-Kwan Song
38: Pulmonary valve disease, Werner Budts & Owen Miller
39: Multivalvular disease and others, Philippe Unger & Gerald Maurer
40: Prosthetic valves, John Chambers & Philippe Pibarot
41: Endocarditis, Gilbert Habib, Franck Thuny, Guy Van Camp & Simon Matskeplishvili
42: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Nuno Cardim, Denis Pellerin, & Filipa Xavier Valente
43: Dilated cardiomyopathy, Fausto Rigo, Covadonga Fernández-Golfin, & Bruno Pinamonti
44: Restrictive cardiomyopathy / arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, Perry Elliott, Kristina Haugaa, Pio Caso, & Maja Cikes
45: Isolated ventricular non-compaction, Frank Weidemann, Gilbert Habib, & Clara Vazquez
46: Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy, Rodolfo Citro, Laurent Davin, & Daniel Rodriguez Muñoz
47: Familial cardiomyopathies, Fausto Rigo, Covadonga Fernández-Golfin, & Bruno Pinamonti
48: RV dilatation and dysfunction, Petros Nihoyannopoulos, André La Gerche, & Gustavo Restrepo
49: Pericardial disease, Bernard Paelinck & Pedro Gutierrez Fajardo
Disease echocardiographic assessment
50: Cardiac transplant patients, Río Aguilar Torres, Luigi P. Badano, & Dimitrios Tsiapras
51: Cardiac masses and potential sources of emboli, Nadia Benyounes, Mauro Pepi, Roberta Esposito, Carmen Ginghina, & Ariel Cohen
52: Cardiac tumours/other non-neoplastic intracardiac masses / Extracardiac, Maria Joao Andrade, Jadranka Separovic, & Ricardo Ronderos
53: Diseases of the aorta, Arturo Evangelista, Eduardo Bossone, & Alain Nchimi
54: Systemic disease and other conditions: introduction, Andreas Hagendorff
55: Athlete's Heart, Antonello D'Andrea, André La Gerche, & Christine Selton-Suty
56: Systemic disease and other conditions: heart during pregnancy, Agnes Pasquet, Marcia Barbosa, & Jo Nan Liao
57: Disease with main influence on cardiovascular system, Edyta Plonska-Gosciniak, Michal Ciurzynski, Marcin Fijalkowski, Piotr Gosciniak, Piotr Szymanski,Tomasz Pasierski, Daniel Rodriguez Muñoz, & Jose Luis Zamorano
58: Disease with main influence on heart valves, Andreas Hagendorff, Elie Chammas, & Mohammed Rafique Essop
59: Disease with main influence on myocardium / pericardium, Andreas Hagendorff & Laura Ernande
60: Disease with main influence on right ventricular function, Damien Voilliot, JD Kasprzak, & Eduardo Bossone
61: Adult congenital heart disease, Giovanni Di Salvo, Werner Budts, & Owen Miller
Specific clinical context / environment
62: Acute cardiac care, Susanna Price, Roxy Senior, & Bogdan A. Popescu
63: Cardiac rhythm disorders: atrial fibrillation, Kristina H. Haugaa, Francesco Faletra, & João L. Cavalcante
64: Cardiac oncology, Maurizio Galderisi, Juan Carlos Plana, Thor Edvardsen, & Patrizio Lancellotti
65: Interventional echocardiography, Alejandra Carbonell San Román & Jose Luis Zamorano
66: Peri-operative echocardiography, Patrick Wouters, Fabio Guarracino, & Manfred Seeberger
Miscellaneous
67: Coronary artery imaging, Andreas Hagendorff, Ivan Stankovic, & Masaaki Takeuchi
68: Vascular echo imaging, Muriel Sprynger, Iana Simova, & Scipione Carerj
69: Competence and certification, Alexandros S. Stefanidis & Bogdan A. Popescu
70: Training for emergency echocardiography, Aleksandar N. Neskovic
71: Laboratory accreditation, Petros Nihoyannopoulos & Luna Gargani
72: Quality assurance in echocardiography, Kevin Fox & Henri Skinner

Patrizio Lancellotti, University Hospital Sart Tilman, Liege, Belgium, Jose Zamorano, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain, Gilbert Habib, Department of Cardiology Marseilles, France, Luigi Badano, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy, and , Department of Cardiology, University of Oslo, Norway

Patricio Lancellotti is head of the intensive care cardiology unit at the University of Liège Hospital Center and Professor of Clinical Medicine at the University of Liège. His research has led to significant progress in the care of patients suffering from functional mitral insufficiency.

Bogdan A. Popescuis the Chair of the EAE Accreditation Committee and Treasurer of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. His responsibilities also include Associate Professor of Cardiology and Director of Echocardiography Laboratory Euroecolab, University of Medicine and PharmacyInstitute of Cardiovascular Diseases.

Luigi P. Badano MD, PhD, FESC, FACC is the director of the Echocardiography Laboratory Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences at the University of Padua, Italy.

Maurizio Galderisi is the Associate Professor of Cardiology at the University of Naples, Federico II.

Thor Edvardsen Deputy Head of the Department of Cardiology, and is the Director in the Director, Section of Diagnostics and Treatment at the University of Oslo, Norway.

Jose Zamorano is the Director of the Cardiovascular Institute at the University Clinic San Carlos, Madrid.

Contributors:

Monica Alcantara M.D. - Ecocardiografia,Località Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasile
Maria João Andrade - Instituto Cardiovascular de Lisboa
Ashraf M. Anwar - Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
Asrar Ahmed MD, DM, MRCP - Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
George D. Athanassopoulos MD, PhD, FESC - Noninvasive Diagnostics Department, Cardiology Section, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
Luigi P. Badano MD, PhD - Dpt of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences,University of Padua, Italy
Marcia Barbosa - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Ecocenter, Socor Hospital, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Cristina Basso MD, PhD, FESC - Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua-Italy
Nadia Benyounes - Cardiology Unit, Fondation A. de Rothschild, Paris, France

Prof. Helmut Baumgartner - Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital of Muenster, Germany

Javier Bermejo MD, PhD - Noninvasive Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spainstefan row
Reidar Bjørnerheim MD, PhD, FESC - echocardiography, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Dept. of Cardiology, Oslo, Norway
Annemien E. van den Bosch - Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Eduardo Bossone - Heart Department, "Cava de' Tirreni and Amalfi Coast" Hospital, University of Salerno, Italy
Werner Budts - Dept. of Cardiology, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Luis Caballero - Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca,Murcia, Spain
Matteo Cameli - Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
Guy Van Camp MD, PhD, FESC - Cardiovascular Center Hospital OLV Aalst, Aalst, Belgium
Giovanni La Canna - Clinical Echocardiography, Cardiac Surgery Department, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
Nuno Cardim - Imagiologia Cardíaca e Centro de Miocardiopatia Hipertrófica Hospital da Luz Lisboa
Scipione Carerj - Cardiology Unit, Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, University of Messina, AOU "Policlinico G. Martino," Messina, Italy
Pio Caso MD - Department of Cardiology, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
João L. Cavalcante MD, FACC, FASE - Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, Heart & Vascular Institute - UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
John Chambers -
Elie Chammas MD, FESC, FACC - Lebanese Society of Cardiology, Professor of Cardiology, Lebanese University, Head, Division of Cardiology, Clemenceau Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
Maja Cikes MD - Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Rodolfo Citro, MD, PhD, FESC - Heart Department, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona ", Largo Città di Ippocrate, Salerno, Italy
Ass. Prof. Michal Ciurzynski - Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
Prof. Ariel Cohen - Cardiologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Est,Hopital Saint Antoine, Hôpital Tenon. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris,Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI)
Paolo Colonna M.D. FESC - Cardiology Hospital Policlinico of Bari - Italy,National President of Italian Society of Cardiovascular Echography (SIEC)
Lauro Cortigiani MD - Cardiology Division, San Luca Hospital, Lucca, Italy
Bernard Cosyns MD, PhD - EACVI (European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging) echo section, BWGNICI (Belgian Working Group of Non-invasive Cardiac Imaging), Cardiology, UZ Brussel
José Juan Gómez de Diego - Laboratorio de Imagen Cardíaca. Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
Steven Droogmans MD, PhD - Free University of Brussels
Raluca Dulgheru MD - University Hospital of Liege, Department of Cardiology, Liege, Belgium
Pr Geneviève Derumeaux MD, PhD - Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Facuté de médecine de Créteil, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor , Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
Erwan DONAL MD, PhD - Service de Cardiologie et Maladies Vasculaires, CHU Rennes, LTSI, INSERM U 1099, Université Rennes-1
Dr. Laurent Davin - Cardiology Department , Chu - Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
Thor Edvardsen - Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
Perry Elliott MD - The Heart Hospital, London, UK
Roberta Esposito - Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
Arturo Evangelista -
Prof. Mohammed Rafique Essop -
Laura Ernande - Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; DHU Ageing Thorax Vessels Blood, Inserm Unit 955 Team 08, Faculté de Medecine de Créteil, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
Pedro Gutierrez Fajardo - Cardiotest pro S.A. de C.V. Laboratorio de Ecocardiografía. Hospital Bernardette. Guadalajara, Jal. México
Francesco Faletra MD - cardiac Imaging Laboratory of "Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino " , Lugano Switzerland, Division of Cardiology, Lugano, Switzerland
Miguel Ángel García Fernández - Departamento de Medicina I. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
Ass. Prof.Marcin Fijalkowski -
Frank A.Flachskampf - Institut för Medicinska Vetenskaper, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
Kevin Fox - Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Assoc. Prof. Andrzej Gackowski MD PhD - Noninvasive Cardiovascular Laboratory - John Paul II Hospital, Dept. of Coronary Disease and Heart Failure - Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
Maurizio Galderisi MD, FESC - Standard and Advanced Echocardiography, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy, Chair, Educational Committee EACVI
Leda Galiuto MD, PhD, FESC, FACC - Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
Elena Galli MD, PhD Service de Cardiologie et Maladies Vasculaires, CHU Rennes. LTSI, INSERM U 1099, Université Rennes-1
Madalina Garbi - King's Health Partners, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Luna Gargani - Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Pisa, Italy
André La Gerche - St Vincent's Hospital department of Cardiology, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
Silvia Gianstefani - Croydon University Hospital, London, UK
Carmen Ginghina - Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Euroecolab, Bucharest, Romania
Alexandra Gonçalves Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
Covadonga Fernández-Golfin - Cardiac Imaging Unit Coordinator, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid.Spain
Dr. Piotr Gosciniak - Cardiology Department WSzZ Szczecin, Poland
Prof. Edyta Plonska-Gosciniak -
Julia Grapsa - Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
Fabio Guarracino - Dipartimento di Anestesia e Terapie Intensive - Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiotoracica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa
Gilbert Habib MD, FESC Hôpital Timone, Cardiology Department Marseille, France
Kristina Haugaa MD, PhD - Dept. of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway
Christine Henri
Jan d'Hoodge Laboratory on Cardiovascular Imaging & Dynamics, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Krasimira Hristova MD, PhD National Heart Hospital , Sofia , Bulgaria
Prof. Dr. med. habil. Andreas Hagendorff
Emer Joyce - Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center,Leiden, The Netherlands
Ruxandra Jurcut Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Phramacy "Carol
Davila", Bucharest, Romania
Jaroslaw Kasprzak Chair and Dept. of Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Bieganski Hospital, Lodz Poland
Kim O´Konnor - Heart and Lung Quebec Institute, Québec, Canada
Seisyou KOU MD St.Marianna University School of Medicine Department of Cardiology
2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 216-8511 Japan
Hyung-Kwan Kim MD, PhD Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
Patrizio Lancellotti MD, PhD - European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, FESC, FACC, Heart Valve Clinic, Echo Department, Intensive Care Unit, University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, Belgium
Roberto Lang Professor of Medicine, Director, Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medicine
Aleksandar Lazarevi? MD, PhD, FESC - Medicine/Cardiology, University of Banja Luka Medical School, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Jo Nan Liao - Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
Professor Piotr Lipiec MD, PhD, FESC - Department of Rapid Cardiac Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
Jorge Lowenstein MD Investigaciones Médicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Carlo di Mario MD, PhD, FESC Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Simon Matskeplishvili MD, PhD, FESC, FACC - Moscow University Clinic, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Gerald Maurer - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austri
Blazej Michalski MD. PhD - Medical University of Lodz
Marcelo-Haertel Miglioranz
Dr Owen Miller FRACP FCSANZ FRCPC - Paediatric and Fetal Cardiology, Head of Service/Clinical Lead, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK
Mark Monaghan PhD, FRCP (Hon), FACC, FESC Echocardiography, Director of Non-Invasive Cardiology and Associate Medical Director, King´s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
Sergio Mondillo - University of Siena, Cardiology Division, Postgraduate School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Siena, Italy
Marie Moonen MD, PhD - CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
Daniel Rodriguez Muñoz - Dept. of Cardiology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, SPAIN
Denisa Muraru - Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
Alain Nchimi - Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital of Liège, Belgium
Aleksandar N. Neskovic MD, PhD, FESC, FACC - Department of Cardiology, Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Petros Nihoyannopoulos - Department of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (J.G., T.C., B.C.F.S., D.D., P.N.); Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C.P.N., T.C.T.); and National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.Z.C., J.S.R.G.)
Prof. Jae Oh MD - Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, USA
Stefan Orwat - , Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital of Muenster, Germany
Prof. Bernard Paelinck - UZA, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
Prof. Tomasz Pasierski - Cardiology Department Warsaw Poland
Agnes Pasquet - Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
Denis Pellerin MD, PhD, FRCP, FESC - Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre at St Bartholomew's Hospital
Mauro Pepi - Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
Ferande Peters - Division of Cardiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Philippe Pibarot -
Eugenio Picano MD, PhD - Institute of Clinical Physiology of Pisa
Luc A. Pierard MD PhD, FESC - Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Sart Tilman, Liege, Belgium
Fausto Pinto MD - Lisbon University Medical School, Portugal
Bruno Pinamonti - Ecocardiografia, Cattinara University Hospital , Trieste, Italy
Juan Carlos Plana - Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
Bogdan A. Popescu MD, PhD, FESC, FACC - Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Carol Davila', Euroecolab, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases 'Prof Dr C C Iliescu', Bucharest, Romania
Susanna Price - Adult Intensive Care Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.
Dr. Christian Prinz, - FESC Private medical office for Cardiology, Germany
Prof. Edyta P?o?ska MD, PhD - Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin
Gustavo Restrepo - Director de la Unidad Cardiovascular. Fundación Clínica Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
Fausto Rigo FESC - Head of Division of Cardiology, dell'Angelo Hospital, Mestre-Venezia, Italy
Alejandra Carbonell San Román -
Ricardo Ronderos -
Monica Rosca - Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, EUROECOLAB, Bucharest, Romania
Leyla Elif Sade MD - Department of Cardiology, Baskent University, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
Anita Sadeghpour MD, FACC, FASE Cardiology, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Tehran-Iran
Alessandro Salustri Medical Affairs, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, UAE
Giovanni Di Salvo MD, PhD,MMSc, FESC - Cardiologia SUN, Cardiologia Pediatrica, AO Monaldi
Niloufar Samiei - Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research center, Tehran, Iran
Prof. Manfred Seeberger - Head physician Anesthesia, Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich
Partho SENGUPTA, MD, PhD Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
Shantanu P Sengupta - Sengupta Hospital & Research Institute, Ravinagar Square, Nagpur, India
Roxy Senior MD, DM, FRCP, FACC, FESC - Clinical Cardiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Imperial College, London. Consultant Cardiologist and Director of Echocardiography, Royal Brompton Hospital, London. Consultant Cardiologist and Director of Cardiac Research, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
Jadranka Separovic -
Henri Skinner - Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, Hospital Sart Tilman, University of Liege, Belgium and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Canada
Rosa Sicari MD, PhD, FESC CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa - Italy
Iana Simova - Department of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging and Functional Diagnostics, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
Evgeny Skholnik Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry,Moscow, Russian Federation. Department of Functional Methods in Internal Medicine
Prof. Otto Smiseth MD Head of Clinic, Oslo University Hospital
Peter Søgaard MD, DMSc - Department of Cardiology and Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
Jae-Kwan Song - Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Muriel Sprynger - University of Liège Hospital, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, University Hospital Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
Ivan Stankovic MD - Department of Cardiology, Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
Alexandros S. Stefanidis MD, PhD, FESC - 1st Department of Cardiology, Echocardiography Laboratory, General Hospital of Nikea, Piraeus, Greece
Christine Selton-Suty - Cardiology, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
Professor Johan De Sutter MD, PhD, FESC - Department of Cardiology, AZ Maria Middelares Gent and University Gent, Belgium
Ass. Prof. Piotr Szymanski - Echocardiographic Laboratory, Valvular Heart Disease Department,Institute of Cardiology Warsaw, Poland
Masaaki Takeuchi MD - Department of Internal Medicine, Tane General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
Katsu Tanaka M.D. Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi Hospital, Visiting Scientist: University of Tokyo Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine
Gaetano Thiene MD, FESC - Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua-Italy
Franck Thuny MD - Cardiology department, Hôpital La Timone, Marseille, France
Thierry Le Tourneau - INSERM, UMR 1087, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
Río Aguilar Torres MD, PhD - Cardiology Dpt. Hospital Universitario de La Princesa. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
Christophe Tribouilloy - Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Amiens, Amiens, France; Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
Dimitrios Tsiapras MD, PhD - Cardiology Dpt. Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center. Kallithea, Greece
Philippe Unger - Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1000, Belgium
Filipa Xavier Valente MD - Cardiac Imaging Department, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
Mani Vannan MD, PhD - Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
Albert Varga MD, PhD, FESC Department of Cardiology, University of Szeged, Hungary
Clara Vazquez MD - Department of Echocardiography, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez ", México
Nico Van de Veire MD, PhD - AZ Maria Middelares Gent / Free University Brussels, Belgium,
Prof. Dr. Jens-Uwe Voigt - Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Belgium
Damien Voilliot - CHU de Nancy, Département de Cardiologie, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandœuvre lès Nancy, France
Frank Weidemann MD - Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Germany
Tsai Wei-Chuan - Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan
Prof. Dr. Patrick Wouters - Diensthoofd, Anesthesie, Universitair Ziekenhuis, Gent, Belgium
Siew Yen Ho FRCPath, FESC Royal Brompton &Harefield Hospital, London, UK
Kiyoshi Yoshida MD, PhD - Cardiovascular Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
Peng-Fei Zhang MD, PhD Associate Professor of Medicine, Department of Cardiology,Qilu Hospital, Shandong University
Yun Zhang MD, PhD, FACC, FESC, FASE Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China