Essentials of Anesthesia for Infants and Neonates

It is estimated that 1.5 million infants undergo surgery and anesthesia in the USA each year. However, there are serious concerns within the pediatric anesthesia community regarding the safety of anaesthesia in infants and children. There is mounting evidence from animal studies that anesthetics in common clinical use are neurotoxic to the developing brain and cause long-term neurobehavioral abnormalities. Essentials of Anesthesia for Infants and Neonates provides a comprehensive guide to the special needs of infants undergoing anesthesia. It focuses on the first year of life, the time when anesthesia mortality and morbidity is highest. Chapters are illustrated in color throughout, and include sections on newborn physiology for anesthetic management, specific procedures, pain management, and topics such as regional anesthesia and sedation. Written by nationally recognized experts, this book will become an invaluable point of reference for any physician interested in pain management in the first year of life.

    Delivers comprehensive practical information on techniques to administer neonatal and infant anesthesia
    Focuses in on the youngest, most fragile patients, allowing readers to tailor their anesthetics to this age group
    Reviews and critiques anesthetic neurotoxicity in young children, discussing methods to limit exposure to neurotoxic agents

Table of Contents

List of contributors
Preface
Part I. Newborn Physiology for Anesthetic Management:
1. The term infant Mary Ellen McCann
2. The preterm infant Lauren R. Kelly Ugarte and Thomas J. Mancuso
3. Origin of the NICU Amy Vinson
4. Hemodynamics in the infant Viviane Nasr
5. Measures of carbon dioxide Larry Rhien
6. Glucose control Monica Hoagland
7. Oxygen management Augusta Sola
8. Temperature control Laura Downey
9. Neonatal resuscitation Monica Kleinman
10. Congenital abnormalities and syndromes Anne Lynn and Katherine Gentry
11. Myopathies of the newborn Phil Morgan and Vincent Hsieh
Part II. Newborn Anesthesia:
12. Preoperative preparation Lynne Ferrari
13. Developmental pharmacology: the neonate Cynthia Tung and Robert Holzman
14. The newborn airway Sim Jagannathan and Shivani S. Patel
15. Fluid and transfusion management Justin Long, Tiffany Frazee and Hubert Benzon
16. Neonatal ventilation strategies Gerhard Wolf
17. Anesthetic induced neurotoxicity Sulpicio Soriano and Dusica Bajic
18. New anesthetic agents on the horizon Kai Matthes and Thomas Weissmueller
19. Monitoring of the newborn and infant under anesthesia Michael King, Samuel Rodriguez and Kathleen Chen
Part III. Specific Newborn and Infant Procedures:
20. Anesthesia for neurosurgical procedures Roby Sebastian and Craig McClain
21. Anesthesia for otolarygologic procedures in infants and neonates Richard Anderson, Anthony Anderson and Charles Nargozian
22. Anesthesia for plastic surgery Petra Meier-Haran
23. Anesthesia for abdominal wall reconstruction procedures Ellen Choi and Sam Wald
24. Anesthesia for intraabdominal procedures Raymond Park and Edmund Cooper
25. Anesthesia for urologic surgery Myron Yaster, Deepa Kattail and Jessica A George
26. Anesthesia for thoracic surgery Cornelius Sullivan
27. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia Elizabeth Eastburn and Bridget Muldowney
28. Congenital heart disease in the neonate and infant cardiac catheterization and cardiac surgery Kirsten Odegard and Morgan Brown
29. Non-cardiac surgery in neonates with cardiac disease Annette Schure
30. Neonatal and infant tumors Laura Leduc
31. Anesthesia for transplant surgery Evan Burke and Franklyn Cladis
32. Anesthesia for interventional radiology procedures Mary Landrigan-Ossar
33. Anesthesia for conjoined twins Lynne Maxwell and Phil Bailey
34. Anesthesia for fetal surgery Linda Bulich, Arielle Mizrahi and Kha Tran
Part IV. Pain Management and other Newborn Anaesthesia Concerns:
35. Pain management in neonates Christine Greco and Charles Berde
36. Regional anesthesia in neonates and infants Karen Boretsky
37. Procedural sedation Mary Ellen McCann and Christine Greco
38. Ambulatory anesthesia in infants Sharon Redd and Ethan Sanford
39. Apnea and bradycardia Sam Rodriguez
40. Neonatal outcomes Joseph Cravero
41. Research on newborns and infants Patcharee Sriswasdi
Index.

Mary Ellen McCann is an Associate Professor at Harvard Medical School and a Senior Associate in Pediatric Anesthesia at Boston Children's Hospital. She did her pediatric and anesthesia training at Massachusetts General Hospital and completed her M.P.H, at the Harvard School of Public Health in 2005. She served on the board for the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia, and is a Principal Investigator for the GAS trial along with Andrew Davidson of Australia. The focus of her research is the safety of general anesthesia and sedatives with regard to neurodevelopmental outcomes of human infants and toddlers.

Christine Greco is an Assistant Professor at Harvard Medical School and a Senior Associate in Pediatric Anesthesia at Boston Children's Hospital. She completed her pediatric training at Ohio State University and anesthesia training at the University of California, San Francisco. She is clinical director of the pain service at Boston Children's Hospital where she created the first accredited fellowship training program in pediatric pain medicine.

Kai Matthes practices pediatric anesthesia in Wailuku, Hawaii. Having obtained his medical degree and Ph.D. from the University of Erlangen in Germany, anesthesiology residencies at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School led to the positions of attending anesthesiologist and Associate Professor at Harvard Medical School. Dr Matthes has a broad research background in the field of anesthesiology, gastrointestinal endoscopy and minimally invasive surgery.

Contributors

Mary Ellen McCann, Lauren R. Kelly Ugarte, Thomas J. Mancuso, Amy Vinson, Viviane Nasr, Larry Rhien, Monica Hoagland, Augusta Sola, Laura Downey, Monica Kleinman, Anne Lynn, Katherine Gentry, Phil Morgan, Vincent Hsieh, Lynne Ferrari, Cynthia Tung, Robert Holzman, Sim Jagannathan, Shivani S. Patel, Justin Long, Tiffany Frazee, Hubert Benzon, Gerhard Wolf, Sulpicio Soriano, Dusica Bajic, Kai Matthes, Thomas Weissmueller, Michael King, Samuel Rodriguez, Kathleen Chen, Roby Sebastian, Craig McClain, Richard Anderson, Anthony Anderson, Charles Nargozian, Petra Meier-Haran, Ellen Choi, Sam Wald, Raymond Park, Edmund Cooper, Myron Yaster, Deepa Kattail, Jessica A. George, Cornelius Sullivan, Elizabeth Eastburn, Bridget Muldowney, Kirsten Odegard, Morgan Brown, Annette Schure, Laura Leduc, Evan Burke, Franklyn Cladis, Mary Landrigan-Ossar, Lynne Maxwell, Phil Bailey, Linda Bulich, Arielle Mizrahi, Kha Tran, Christine Greco, Charles Berde, Karen Boretsky, Sharon Redd, Ethan Sanford, Joseph Cravero, Patcharee Sriswasdi