The expanded guide to cardiac mapping
The effective diagnosis and treatment of heart disease may vitally depend upon accurate and detailed cardiac mapping. However, in an era of rapid technological advancement, medical professionals can encounter difficulties maintaining an up-to-date knowledge of current methods. This fifth edition of the much-admired Cardiac Mapping is, therefore, essential, offering a level of cutting-edge insight that is unmatched in its scope and depth.
Featuring contributions from a global team of electrophysiologists, the book builds upon previous editions comprehensive explanations of the mapping, imaging, and ablation of the heart. Nearly 100 chapters provide fascinating accounts of topics ranging from the mapping of supraventricular and ventriculararrhythmias, to compelling extrapolations of how the field might develop in the years to come. In this text, readers will find:
Full coverage of all aspects of cardiac mapping, and imaging
Explorations of mapping in experimental models of arrhythmias
Examples of new catheter-based techniques
Access to a companion website featuring additional content and illustrative video clips
Cardiac Mapping is an indispensable resource for scientists, clinical electrophysiologists, cardiologists, and all physicians who care for patients with cardiac arrhythmias.
Part I
1 History of Cardiac Mapping
Stephan Zellerhoff, Lars Eckardt, Gunter Breithardt2
2 Embryology, Anatomy and pathology of ventricular outflow tracts related to Cardiac Mapping and Arrhythmias
Bastiaan J.D. Boukens, Cristina Basso, Stefania Rizzo, Gaetano Thiene
3 Arrhythmogenic venous extremity of the cardiac tube
Marco Galeazzi
4 The Impact of Embryology and Anatomy on Cardiac Electrophysiology
Maxim Didenko and Fred Kusumoto
5 Cardiac Morphology Relevant to Mapping
Niyada Naksuk, Vaibhav R. Vaidya, Nirusha Lachman, Samuel J. Asirvatham
6 Anatomy of the Outflow Tract Region: Relevance to Arrhythmias and Catheter Ablation
Andres Enriquez, Jason Bradfield, Kalyanam Shivkumar and Fermin C Garcia MD
7 Fundamentals of Cardiac Mapping
Fu Siong Ng, Caroline Roney, Chris Cantwell, Nicholas Peters
8 Troubleshooting to Avoid Failed Ablation
Krishna Kancharla, Suraj Kapa, Samuel J. Asirvatham
Part II Imaging Technologies in Cardiac Mapping and Ablation
9 Intracardiac echocardiography
Pasquale Santangeli, Mathew D. Hutchinson, David J. Callans
10 Role of Cardiac CT Imaging to Guide Catheter Ablation of Arrhythmias in Complex Cardiac Morphologies.
Farhood Saremi
11 Role of Cardiac MRI and LGE in Relation to Arrhythmias in Different Cardiomyopathies
John Duell and Timm Dickfeld
12 Multimodal Imaging for Cardiac Mapping
Donald D. Hegland, Kevin P. Jackson and James P. Daubert
13 Light and the Heart: Cardiac Optogenetics
Naim Shaheen, Amit Gruber, Lior Gepstein
14 Cardiac Mapping and Imaging in Patient Selection for CRT: How to Identify Super-responders, Responders, and Non-responders
Bettina Kirstein, Christopher Piorkowski
Part III Advances in Technology
15 Towards Non-invasive Mapping and Imaging of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Edgard Prihadi, Victoria Delgado, Jeroen J Bax
16 New High Density and Automated Mapping Systems
Albert Y. Sun, Jonathan P. Piccini, and James P. Daubert
17 The Non-invasive Body Surface Potential Mapping of Reentrant Drivers in Human AF
Ruairidh Martin, Meleze Hocini, Remi Dubois, Nicholas Derval, Pierre Jais, Michel Haissaguerre
18 Electrophysiology of Heart Failure: Noninvasive Mapping of Substrate and Guidance of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy with Electrocardiographic Imaging (ECGI)
Yoram Rudy
19 Contact Mapping and Ablation of Complex Cardiac Arrhythmias
Sanjiv M. Narayan, Junaid A. B. Zaman, Fatemah Shenasa, Tina Baykaner, and Wouter-Jan Rappel
20 Advances in Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Atul Verma, Mohammad Shenasa
21 Integration of Contact Force into Mapping and Ablation Systems: Does it improve the results?
Waqas Ullah, Richard Schilling
22 Advances in Molecular Imaging Relevant to Arrhythmias
Arnold F. Jacobson, Jagat Narula
Part IV Mapping in Experimental Models of Cardiac Arrhythmias
23 Optical Mapping of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ and Transmembrane Potential in the Intact Heart: Insights into Ca2+-mediated Arrhythmias
Lianguo Wang and Crystal M. Ripplinger
24 Electrophysiological Substrates for Gender Difference in the Incidence of Torsades de Pointes Arrhythmias
Nabil El-Sherif, Herman D Himel, Yuan Yue, Mohamed Boutjdir, Mark Restive
25 Rotors in Animal Models of Atrial Fibrillation
Omer Berenfeld, David Filgueiras-Rama, Makarand Deo
26 Atrial Fibrillation from a Unipolar, High Resolution Perspective
Natasja M.S. de Groot, Maurits A. Allessie, Lisette J.M.E. van der Does, Ad J.J.C. Bogers
27 Mechanisms Underlying Arrhythmogenesis in the J Wave Syndromes
Eleonora Savio-Galimberti, Mariana Argenziano, Charles Antzelevitch
28 Relationship Between Cardiac Alternans, Calcium Cycling and Ventricular Arrhythmias
James N. Weiss, Zhilin Qu
29 Fibrosis and Arrhythmogenesis
Andre G. Kleber and Michiel J. Janse
30 Triggered Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias Initiated by Enhanced Late Inward Na and Ca Currents. Novel Therapeutic Targets
Hrayr S. Karagueuzian
31 Experimental VT: A New Porcine model of Infarct-related Reentrant VT
Elad Anter, Andrew L. Wit, and Mark E. Josephson
32 Experimental Mapping of Ventricular Arrhythmias: Intramural Pathways and Substrate
Nigel Lever, Ian LeGrice, Darren Hooks, Mark Trew, Bryan Caldwell, Bruce Smaill
33 The Molecular Basis of Long QT type 2 (LQT2)-Related Arrhythmias: How Sex modifies the risk of Torsades de Pointes
Jan Němec, Jong J Kim and Guy Salama
34 Optical mapping of arrhythmogenic remodeling in the failing human heart
Fu Siong Ng, Jaclyn A Brennan, Igor R Efimov
35 Optical Mapping of Successful and Failed Defibrillation
Kedar K. Aras, Bastiaan J. Boukens, Crystal M. Ripplinger, Christopher R. Gloschat, Igor R. Efimov
36 Atrial Patterns of Neurally-Induced Repolarization Changes: Neuroablative Studies in Canines
Rene Cardinal and Pierre Page
Part V Mapping and Imaging in Atrial Fibrillation, Flutter, and Atrial Tachycardias
37 Clinical Relevance of Functional Models of Atrial Reentry and Fibrillation
Stanley Nattel and Vincent Algalorrondo
38 Rotor Mapping in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Sanjiv M. Narayan, Junaid A.B. Zaman, Tina Baykaner, Christopher A.B. Kowalewski, David Vidmar, Wouter-Jan Rappel
39 Rotor Mapping and Ablation in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Yenn-Jiang Lin, Men-Tzung Lo, Li-Wei Lo, Fa-Po Chung, Shih-Ann Chen
40 Mapping and Ablation of Atrial Flutter and its Variants
Gregory K. Feld, Jonathan Hsu, Gautam Lalani, Amir Schricker
41 Mapping and Ablation of Left Atrial Flutter and Tachycardia: New Observations
Philipp Sommer, Gerhard Hindricks
42 Mapping and Ablation of Atrial Tachycardia
Karoly Kaszala, Jayanthi Koneru, Kenneth A. Ellenbogen
43 Image based Risk Stratification for Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation
Jorge Romero, David Briceno, Carola Gianni, Sanghamitra Mohanty, Andrea Natale, Mario Garcia and Luigi Di Biase
44 Revisiting non-pulmonary vein triggers
Carola Gianni, Javier E Sanchez, Amin Al-Ahmad, Rodney P Horton, Patrick M Hranitzky, J David Burkhardt, Sanghamitra Mohanty, Chintan Trivedi, Luigi Di Biase, Andrea Natale
45 Mechanisms of Antifibrillatory Agents for Atrial Fibrillation: Evidence Obtained from Experimental Models
Gerrit Frommeyer, Lars Eckardt
46 Stepwise Approach to AF Mapping and Ablation in Persistent and long-standing persistent AF: Short- and Long-term results
Julia Vogler, Boris A. Hoffmann, Daniel Steven, Christian Meyer, Benjamin Schaeffer, Doreen Schreiber, Arian Sultan, Thomas Rostock, Stephan Willems
47 Mapping and Ablation of the Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System to Treat Atrial Fibrillation
Stavros Stavrakis, Paul Garabelli, Benjamin J. Scherlag, Sunny S. Po
48 Remodeling in Atrial Fibrillation: Novel Mapping Studies
Thomas H. Everett, IV, and Jeffrey E. Olgin
49 MRI Mapping of Atrial Fibrosis and Atrial Fibrillation
Leenhapong Navaravong and Nassir F Marrouche
50 Fibrotic atrial cardiomyopathy FACM - Implications for ablation of atrial fibrillation
Hans Kottkamp, Andreas Rieger, Fabian Moser, Doreen Schreiber
51 Mapping and Ablation of the Left Atrial Appendage
Anthony J Choi and Moussa Mansour
52 Electrogram-based mapping and ablation in atrial fibrillation
Ayman A. Hussein and Walid Saliba
53 Phase Mapping of Human Atrial Fibrillation
Mohammed Saeed, Omer Berenfeld, Hakan Oral
54 Trials on atrial fibrillation mapping and ablation
Antonio Sorgente, Riccardo Cappato
Part VI Mapping of Supraventricular Arrhythmias
55 Entrainment Mapping in Supraventricular Tachycardias
John M. Miller, Rahul Jain, Gopi Dandamudi, Seeongwook Han, Thomas R. Kambur
56 The Problematic Post-Pacing Interval
John M. Miller, Rahul Jain, Gopi Dandamudi, Seongwook Han, Thomas R. Kambur
57 Mapping and Ablation of Typical and Atypical Accessory Pathways
James P. Daubert, and Edward Sze
58 Pre-excited Atrioventricular Junctional Reentrant Tachycardia: Electrophysiologic Characteristics of the Reentrant Circuits
Mohammad-Reza Jazayeri, Mohammad-Ali Jazayeri
59 Mapping and Ablation of AVNRT and its Variants: Current Understanding and Controversies
Demosthenes G. Katritsis, Mark E. Josephson
60 Electrical Stimulation Maneuvers to Differentiate Different Forms Of Supraventricular Tachycardias
Kevin Ng, George J. Klein, Allan C. Skanes, Lorne J. Gula, Raymond Yee, Jaimie Manlucu, Peter Leong-Sit
61 Mechanisms of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: What do the Clinical Mapping Studies Teach Us?
Tomos E Walters, Geoffrey Lee, Jonathan M Kalman
62 Imaging and Mapping of Arrhythmias in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Mark Link, Christopher Phelan, Mohamed Aljaabari, N. A. Mark Estes III
63 Mapping and Ablation of Supraventricular Arrhythmias in Congenital Heart Disease
Paul Khairy
64 Cardiac Mapping and Imaging: Arrhythmias in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease
Sabine Ernst
Part VII Mapping and Imaging of Ventricular Arrhythmias
65 Mapping and ablation of ventricular tachycardia in normal hearts
David J. Callans, Fermin Garcia, Pasquale Santangeli
66 The Combination of a Basket Catheter and Ensite Mapping System Improve Catheter Ablation of RV Outflow PVC
Takashi Tokano, Yuji Nakazato
67 Mapping and Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias: Patients with Non ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Roy M. John, William G. Stevenson
68 Mapping and Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease
Elizabeth DeWitt, Edward P. Walsh
69 Substrate Ablation for Ventricular Tachycardia in Structural Heart Disease
Jorge Romero, David Briceno, Carola Gianni, Sanghamitra Mohanty, J. David Burkhardt, Soo Kim, Amin Al-Ahamad, Andrea Natale, Luigi Di Biase
70 Coronary Mapping and Ablation of Arrhythmias
Sercan Okutucu
71 Endocardial Catheter Pace Mapping of Ventricular Tachycardias
Mithilesh K. Das, John M. Miller, Deepak Bhakta, Gopi Dandamudi, Thomas Kambur
72 Resetting and Entrainment Phenomena: Application to Mapping of Ventricular Tachycardia
Mark Josephson, Jesus Almendral, Eduardo Castellanos, Teresa Barrio-Lopez, Mercedes Ortiz
73 Mapping and Ablation of Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation
Ghassen Cheniti, Meleze Hocini, Nathaniel Thompson, Arnaud Denis, Josselin Duchateau, Ruairidh Martin, Masateru Takigawa, Antonio Frontera, Gregoire Massoullie, Konstantinos Vlachos, Takeshi Kitamura, Michael Wolf, Nicolas Derval, Frederic Sacher, Pierre Jais, Remi Dubois, Michel Haissaguerre
74 Mapping and Ablation in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/ Cardiomyopathy: Epicardial and Endocardial Mapping and long-term results
Fabrizio Aziz And Harikrishnatandri
75 Mapping and Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients with Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Matthew M. Zipse, Wendy S. Tzou, William H. Sauer
76 Cardiac Mapping and Imaging in Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias in Chagas Disease Undergoing Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia
Cristiano Faria Pisani, Mauricio Scanavacca, Andre D?Avila
77 MRI Mapping of Ventricular Tachycardia in patients with Different Cardiomyopathies (ARVD, amyloidosis, etc.)
Jonathan Chrispin, Saman Nazarian
78 Mapping and Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias of Unusual Sites
Srikant Duggirala, Edward P. Gerstenfeld
79 Mapping and ablation of ventricular tachycardia in coronary artery disease
Tanyanan Tanawuttiwat, Joseph E Marine
80 Epicardial Mapping in Different VT Substrates: Technique and Instrumentation, Short and Long-term Results
Henry H. Hsia, Zhenning Nie
81 Usefulness of the 12-Lead ECG to Identify Epicardial Ventricular Substrate and Epicardial Ventricular Tachycardia Site of Origin
Victor Bazan, Francis E Marchlinski
82 Mapping and Imaging of Fascicular Ventricular Tachycardia
Rakesh Latchamsetty, Frank Bogun
83 Scar-related VT mapping and ablation using contrast-enhanced MRI
Antonio Berruezo, Juan Fernandez-Armenta, Diego Penela, Juan Acosta, Josep Brugada, Lluis Mont
Part VIII Future Directions and Technologies in Cardiac Mapping and Imaging of Cardiac Arrhythmias
84 Myocardial Elastography
Elisa Konofagou
85 Electromechanical Wave Imaging
Elisa Konofagou
86 Principals of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Of the Myocardium: Clinical Applications
Mohammad Shenasa, Hossein Shenasa, Javad Rahimian
87 Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Tractography of the Heart
Choukri Mekkaoui and David E. Sosnovik
88 Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Cardiac Electrophysiology
David E. Sosnovik
89 Real-Time MRI Mapping and Ablation
Sebastian Hilbert, Philipp Sommer, Ingo Paetsch, Cosima Jahnke, Gerhard Hindricks
90 Robotic Navigation for Atrial Fibrillation: Mapping and Ablation
Jonathan S Steinberg, Robert Altman
91 Mapping and Ablation in Patients with Vt Storm: Role of Neuraxial TherapeuticsOlujimi A. Ajijola, Kalyanam Shivkumar and Marmar Vaseghi
92 Appropriateness of Mapping and Imaging Modalities in Interventional Electrophysiology
Emily P. Zeitler & Sana M. Al-Khatib
93 How to Avoid Complications of Mapping and Ablation
David E. Haines
94 Summary and Consensus of Guidelines for Cardiac Mapping and Ablation
David Spragg and Hugh Calkins
95 A Roadmap to a Noninvasive Radiosurgical Approach to Ablate the Pulmonary Vein Antra for an Effective Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: Basic and Technical Principals
Javad Rahimian, Artour Torossian, Mohammad Shenasa
96 Future of Cardiac Mapping
Douglas Packer, Deepak Padmanabhan
97 The Evolution of Cardiac Mapping: Past, Present, Future
Mohammad Shenasa, Atul Verma, Kumaraswamy Nanthakumar
